RESEARCH ARTICLE
Risk of Infectious Diseases in Patients with COPD
Laura-Maria Holm Wackerhausen*, Jens Georg Hansen
Article Information
Identifiers and Pagination:
Year: 2012Volume: 6
First Page: 52
Last Page: 59
Publisher Id: TOIDJ-6-52
DOI: 10.2174/1874279301206010052
Article History:
Received Date: 14/12/2011Revision Received Date: 4/4/2012
Acceptance Date: 15/7/2012
Electronic publication date: 02/10/2012
Collection year: 2012
open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
In this paper, we review data on the risk of infectious diseases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including the efficacy of antibiotics for prevention and treatment of acute COPD exacerbations, with a focus on more recent studies.
Studies indicate that immunological mechanisms in COPD are impaired, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. Exacerbations are often infectious in origin (viral and/or bacterial) although pathogens may also be present in the lungs of person with stable COPD. The detailed mechanisms of exacerbations remain under investigation.
Despite great variations in design and operational definitions of outcome, studies consistently find that patients with COPD are at an increased risk of respiratory infections. Patients with COPD do not appear to be at an increased risk of infections outside the respiratory system, but only a small number of studies have addressed this.
The role of antibiotics in the management of acute exacerbations of COPD is disputed. However, findings from recent studies suggest that antibiotics are effective, although primarily in patients admitted to the hospital, thus representing patients with more severe exacerbations. Still, the question of antibiotic efficacy for different clinically well-defined subgroups of COPD exacerbation as well as the choice of the most appropriate antibiotic for these subgroups is uncertain. Antibiotics may also be efficacious in exacerbation prevention. Recent studies on the efficacy of macrolides for the prevention of COPD exacerbations demonstrated promising results. Nevertheless, questions on the risk-benefit ratio of macrolides, efficacy in subgroups of COPD patients, and long-term effects remain unanswered.
